Woad is a plant well recognised by our ancestors in the UK. For centuries, it served as the primary source of a sought after blue dye and was also used as a traditional herbal remedy for wounds and fevers. 
 
Historically, producing blue dye was a challenging and labour intensive process, making it one of the rarest colours in textiles. While there are other plants, lichens, and fungi in Europe that can yield a bluish hue, woad was the preferred choice for a true blue for many years. Its use began to decline with the introduction of the more vibrant indigo dye from Asia in the 16th century, and the emergence of synthetic blue dyes in the 19th century further contributed to its reduced popularity.
 
In addition to its dyeing capabilities, woad has a rich history as a medicinal plant, utilised in both European herbal traditions and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). There is some debate about whether the European species, Isatis tinctoria, is distinct from the Chinese species, Isatis indigotica. However, current thinking—supported by organisations like IPNI and WFO—holds that I. indigotica is a synonym of I. tinctoria. From a herbal standpoint, they share similar properties and are often used interchangeably.
 
Woad is a biennial plant that reaches approximately 1 meter in height and exhibits abundant yellow flowers characteristic of the Brassica family. It thrives in well-drained, full sun soils.